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531.
Accountability,transformative learning,and alternate futures for New England groundfish catch shares
《Marine Policy》2017
Environmental change heightens the need for governance structures that enable transformative social learning across socio-ecological scales. Questions arise concerning the ability of audit-based accountability to deliver such adaptive outcomes, particularly if implementation is hampered by communicative divides between insider and outsider groups. In the New England region of the United States, groundfish policy and its catch share system present an illustrative case. Despite severe depletion of cod and other species, governance insiders prevent consideration of regulatory alternatives. An insider-outsider activist strategy based in the state of Maine aims to regain fishery access, intensify grassroots community organizing to support owner-operators attentive to conservation ethics, broaden participation within conventional science and management venues, and improve prospects for community-based area management through strategic policy networks. Adaptive, polycentric accountability therefore seems more feasible, but requires further development. 相似文献
532.
《Marine Policy》2017
In the Pacific Northwest, residents are mobilizing to prevent the coastal export of fossil fuels and protect unique ecosystems and place-based communities. This paper examines the diverse groups, largely from the Bellingham area, and how they succeeded in blocking construction of what was to be the largest coal-shipping port in North America, the Gateway Pacific Terminal (GPT). Tribes, environmental organizations, faith-based groups, and other citizen groups used a multitude of approaches to prevent development, both independently and in concert. This paper reviews the various ways in which the groups collaborated and supported one another to resist the neoliberalization of the coast and support local sovereignty, unique ecosystems, and place-based communities. Groups like Power Past Coal, Protect Whatcom, and Coal-Free Bellingham fought for important and protective changes and evidenced communitywide political support, but the sovereign rights of the Lummi Nation were the legal bar to constructing the coal terminal. 相似文献
533.
《Marine Policy》2017
This paper examines the effects of neoliberalization on the opportunities and constraints that fishing cooperatives face in Yucatán, Mexico. Cooperatives have the potential to enhance small-scale fishing livelihoods and participate in sustainable resource governance. However, promoting cooperatives’ success entails developing a realistic understanding of the political and economic contexts in which they operate. Drawing on interview and census data, the analysis employs the theory of club goods to examine how the neoliberalization of Mexican fisheries policies in the 1980s and 1990s has affected cooperatives’ ability to provide members with collective benefits, and thus the success and failure of fishing cooperatives in the region. In general, neoliberalization has reduced support to fishing cooperatives and generated greater challenges for their success in Yucatán. The results of this study are likely relevant to many other small-scale fisheries in the South that have undergone similar processes of neoliberalization. 相似文献
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根据1999—2004年8—10月主渔汛期间我国鱿钓船在150—165°E海域的鱿钓生产数据,结合其表温及表温梯度,分别将作业次数百分比和单位渔船日产量作为适应性指数,利用算术平均法(AM)和联乘法(GM)分别建立基于表温因子(表温和表温水平梯度)的综合栖息地指数模型。结果表明,AM栖息地指数模型和GM栖息地指数模型均拟合较好,在HSI大于0.6的海域,1999—2004年间其作业次数平均比重分别在70%以上,平均日产量均在2t/d以上。但AM模型稍优于GM模型。利用2005年8—10月生产数据及表温资料对AM模型进行验证,分析认为作业渔场主要分布在HSI大于0.6海域,其作业次数比重达到80%以上,各月平均CPUE均在3.0t/d以上。研究表明,基于表温和表温水平梯度的AM栖息地模型能获得较好预测西北太平洋柔鱼中心渔场。 相似文献
538.
The Paleolithic site of Xibaimaying (XBMY), once considered the youngest flake tool site within the Nihewan Basin, North China, is an ideal archive to study the chronological relationship between flake tool and microblade industries in the Nihewan Basin during the Upper Palaeolithic, but the previous ages obtained for the site remain controversial. From 2015 to 2019, three areas at two archaeological localities (XBMY-I and XBMY-II) of the site were excavated, and well-preserved fossils and flake tools were unearthed. In this study, a total of 26 samples were collected from the three areas for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating using a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol on fine-grained quartz. A shared ‘Standardized growth curve’ (SGC) for a section was constructed to reduce the time required for De estimation. The long-term weighted average water contents of the samples during their burial period were estimated based on the in-situ water contents of continuous samples from a nearby borehole. All the OSL ages were modelled via Bayesian statistics using the OxCal software, modifying the OSL ages with stratigraphic constraints in each section. The results show that the cultural layer bearing flake tool assemblages falls within the period of 122–36 ka, indicating that the flake tool industry of the Xibaimaying site is comparable to that of the Youfangbei (108–86 ka), Banjingzi (∼86 ka) and Xinmiaozhuang (75–63 ka) sites, rather than the youngest one in the Nihewan basin, which explains why the Xibaimaying site is characterized as pure flake tool culture without any ‘advanced’ trait. The OSL dating results also shed new light on the study of sedimentary processes in the Xibaimaying site area. The different deposition rates (0.01–1.61 mm/a) for the sediments at the three newly excavated areas imply complex geomorphologic processes in the site area. 相似文献
539.
东海北部是鲐鱼主要渔场之一 ,研究其水文及其变化特征对于掌握鲐鱼中心渔场的时空变化规律、指导渔业生产、合理利用海洋渔业资源具有重要意义。根据 1 987— 2 0 0 1年在 2 9°— 32°N、1 2 4 5°E以西海域的海洋环境调查资料和鲐鱼渔场资料 ,在GIS平台上 ,用最优隶属模型划分水团 ,并研究渔场的水团和温、盐跃层特性及其月、年变化之间的相关性 ,用于渔情预报。研究表明 ,用最优隶属模糊聚类方法划分该海域水团的结果与以往的研究结果比较一致 ;鲐鱼渔情与该区域水团第一强度、第二强度之间显示了一定的相关性 ;用稳健统计学方法 ,可确定中心渔场的底层、鱼类栖息水层的温盐范围及其聚类中心值 ;鲐鱼渔情、渔场与水文跃层的关系密切。 相似文献